Morphology in natural language processing, what is morphology, components of a morphological parser
Morphology in Natural Language Processing
In linguistics,
morphology is the study of the internal structure and functions of the words,
and how the words are formed from smaller meaningful units called morphemes.
Morphology, the
study of the correspondences between grammatical information, meaning, and form
inside words, is one of the central linguistic disciplines.
In simpler terms,
morphology is the knowledge of meaningful components of the words.
It is the study of the
following different aspects of natural language;
(Important parts of a morphological processor)
(Important parts of a morphological processor)
Lexicon
- It refers to the dictionary of words (stem/root word), their categories (noun, verb, adjective, etc.), their sub-categories (singular noun, plural noun, etc.) and the affixes that can be attached to these stems.
Orthographic rules
- It refers to the spelling rules used in a particular language to model the spelling changes that occur in a word. For example, when a stem ‘cook’ is attached with the morpheme ‘ing’, it becomes a new valid word with the spelling ‘cooking’. What happened here was the concatenation of two strings. This is not true for all words. If we attach the morpheme ‘ing’ with the word ‘care’, the spelling changes to ‘caring’ rather than ‘careing’. In this case, it was not just concatenation but it also involved removal of the letter ‘e’.
Morphotactics
- In a natural language, a word may have many morphemes attached to it as affixes (prefix, suffix, infix, circumfix). Morphotactics is about placing morphemes with stem to form a meaningful word. It gives the details about which classes of morpheme can follow which other classes of morpheme. For example, in English language the plural morpheme (s or es) follows the stem.
Types of morphology:
(How many ways to combine different morphemes to create words?)
The following are the broad
classes of morphology;
- Inflectional morphology - Inflection creates different forms of the same word
- Derivational morphology - Derivation creates different words from the same lemma
- Compounding - Combination of multiple word stems together
- Cliticization - Combination of a word stem with a clitic
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- Go to Morphology in Natural Language Processing page
- Go to Inflectional Morphology page
- Go to Derivational Morphology page
- Go to Notes on Natural Langue Processing Home page
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