Date's Twelve Rules for Distributed Database Systems

Date's Twelve Rules for Distributed Database Systems / Twelve Objectives for Distributed Database System

Like Edgar F Codd’s twelve rules for a DBMS, C J Date defined a set of twelve objectives to be satisfied by a fully Distributed Database System (DDBS). These twelve rules forms a basis for understanding distributed database technology. These can be considered as a framework for characterizing the functionality of specific distributed systems.

Note: it is hard to attain all the twelve rules for any distributed database systems. Currently no Distributed Database Management Systems conforms to all the twelve rules.

Figure - 12 Rules for DDBMS [taken from Internet]

Date's Twelve  Rules

1. Local autonomy

2. No reliance on a central site

3. Continuous operation

4. Location independence (Location Transparency)

5. Fragmentation independence (Fragmentation Transparency)

6. Replication independence (replication transparency)

7. Distributed query processing

8. Distributed transaction management

9. Hardware independence

10. Operating system independence

11. Network independence

12. DBMS independence