Set difference operation in relational algebra in dbms

Set difference operation in relational algebra, purpose of set difference operation, example of set difference relational algebra operation, relational algebra in dbms, relational algebra equivalent SQL examples

Set Difference Operation

Operation	DIFFERENCE
Type of operation	Binary
Syntax	R1 - R2      Example: DEPOSITOR - BORROWER (Expression1) - (Expression2)      Example: Π regno (student) - Π regno (sub_regd)
Rules to be satisfied	To perform difference operation, the following conditions must hold; 1. Both the relations R1 and R2 (or the result of expression 1 and expression 2) must have the same number of attributes. That is, Arity should be same. 2. The domain of ith attribute of R1 and ith attribute of R2 must be same for all i.
Function	DIFFERENCE operation finds the records that are in one relation but not in other. If we perform difference operation between relations R1 and R2, then the records that are in R1 but not in R2 become part of new result relation.
Purpose	To perform set operation. For example, assume that you have two relations as depositor and borrower. If we would like to find the customers who are only depositors and not borrowed from the bank, we can perform difference between these two tables.
Example 1	The table STU_INDOOR records information about the indoor sports entry of students. The table STU_OUTDOOR stores information about the outdoor sports entry of students. STU_INDOOR Regno Sport 3 records BIT001 Chess BIT023 Carrom BCE020 Badminton STU_OUTDOOR Regno Sport 3 records BIT001 Soccer BIT023 Soccer BME023 Cricket Find the regno of students who plays indoor sports but not outdoor sports. RA: (Π regno (stu_indoor)) - (Π regno (stu_outdoor)) SQL: (SELECT regno FROM stu_indoor) MINUS (SELECT regno FROM stu_outdoor); Result: Finds the tuples that are only in stu_indoor relation but not in stu_outdoor; (Π regno (stu_indoor)) - (Π regno (stu_outdoor)) Regno BCE020
Example 2	Consider the tables given in example 1; Find the regno of students who plays outdoor sports but not indoor sports. RA: (Π regno (stu_outdoor)) - (Π regno (stu_indoor)) SQL: (SELECT regno FROM stu_outdoor) MINUS (SELECT regno FROM stu_indoor); Result: Finds the tuples that are only in stu_outdoor relation but not in stu_indoor; (Π regno (stu_outdoor)) - (Π regno (stu_indoor)) Regno BME023
Example 3	Consider the tables below; STU_INDOOR Regno Sport 4 records BIT001 Chess BIT023 Carrom BCE020 Badminton BEE001 Badminton STU_OUTDOOR Regno Sport 3 records BIT001 Soccer BIT023 Soccer BME023 Cricket Find the regno of students who plays only badminton as indoor sports but not any of the outdoor sports. RA: (Π regno (σsport = ‘Badminton’(stu_indoor))) - (Π regno (stu_outdoor)) SQL: (SELECT regno FROM stu_indoor WHERE sport=’Badminton’) MINUS (SELECT regno FROM stu_outdoor); Result: Finds the tuples that are only in stu_indoor relation that satisfy a condition but not in stu_outdoor; (Π regno (σsport = ‘Badminton’ (stu_indoor))) - (Π regno (stu_indoor)) Regno BCE020 BEE001

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